Criminal Justice Practice Exam

What type of theory emphasizes the influence of peer groups on delinquent behavior?

1. Social Control Theory

2. Differential Association Theory

3. Strain Theory

4. Labeling Theory

The correct answer is: Differential Association Theory

Differential Association Theory is the perspective that emphasizes the role of peer groups in shaping delinquent behavior through interactions and communication. Developed by Edwin Sutherland, this theory posits that individuals learn criminal behavior and values through associations with those who engage in or advocate for such behavior. The more time a person spends with peers who endorse or practice delinquency, the more likely they are to adopt those behaviors themselves. This theory highlights how exposure to pro-criminal attitudes and behaviors can normalize delinquency and create an environment where such actions are viewed as acceptable. By focusing on social interactions and the learning processes within peer groups, Differential Association Theory effectively illustrates how delinquency can spread through social networks, making it a powerful concept in understanding youth crime and its prevention. In contrast, Social Control Theory examines why individuals refrain from criminal activities, suggesting that strong societal bonds and controls deter delinquency. Strain Theory focuses on the pressures that individuals experience when they cannot achieve societal goals, leading to deviance as a coping mechanism. Labeling Theory deals with the consequences of being labeled as deviant, which can influence future behavior, but does not specifically address the role of peer influence in the same way that Differential Association Theory does.