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The process by which a defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a lighter sentence is known as.

  1. plea bargaining

  2. trial

  3. arbitration

  4. mediation

The correct answer is: plea bargaining

Plea bargaining is the process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge or to a reduced sentence in exchange for more lenient treatment by the court. This process is a significant part of the criminal justice system, allowing for a resolution of cases without the need for a trial. It benefits both the defendant, who may receive a lighter sentence, and the prosecution, which can save time and resources by avoiding lengthy trials. In many jurisdictions, plea bargaining is a common practice, as it helps to manage the caseload of the courts and ensures quicker resolutions. The decision to enter into a plea bargain is voluntary, and defendants are usually advised by their attorneys to weigh the advantages and disadvantages, particularly considering the evidence against them and the potential consequences of going to trial. In contrast, trial, arbitration, and mediation represent different legal processes. A trial involves the examination of evidence and arguments in court to determine guilt or innocence, arbitration is a form of dispute resolution outside the courts where a neutral third party makes a binding decision, and mediation involves a facilitator assisting the parties in reaching a mutual agreement without the authority to make a binding decision. These processes are distinct from plea bargaining, which focuses specifically on resolution prior to trial through negotiation between the defendant and